Pigmentation disorders are among the most common skin concerns people experience, and two of the most confusing conditions are melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
Both conditions cause dark patches on the skin, but their causes, patterns, and treatment approaches are different.
A proper diagnosis is essential to avoid wrong treatments that can worsen pigmentation instead of improving it.
Consulting a Dermatologist in Roorkee or an experienced Skin Specialist in Roorkee can help you understand the difference and create a personalized plan for clearer, healthier skin.
Understanding Melasma
Melasma is a chronic pigmentation disorder that appears as brown, gray-brown, or bluish patches, mostly on sun-exposed areas like the face, forehead, cheeks, and upper lip.
It is more common in women and is often triggered by hormonal fluctuations, sun exposure, and genetic predisposition.
Causes of Melasma:
- Sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulate excess melanin production.
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, and hormone replacement therapy can trigger melasma.
- Genetics: Family history increases susceptibility.
- Skin type: Medium to dark skin tones are more prone to melasma.
Characteristics of Melasma:
- Symmetrical patches on both sides of the face.
- Gradual onset and persistence over time.
- Commonly referred to as the “mask of pregnancy” when it occurs in expecting mothers.
Understanding Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
PIH occurs after the skin experiences an injury, inflammation, or irritation. Acne breakouts, eczema, psoriasis, burns, or even cosmetic procedures can trigger this condition.
PIH is the skin’s response to trauma, where melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) overproduce melanin, leading to dark spots after the wound or acne heals.
Causes of PIH:
- Acne scars or breakouts.
- Eczema or allergic reactions.
- Harsh chemical peels or skin treatments.
- Cuts, burns, or infections.
Characteristics of PIH:
- Appears as dark spots or patches in the exact area of the previous injury or inflammation.
- Can affect any skin type but tends to be more severe in darker tones.
- Unlike melasma, PIH is not symmetrical and usually fades gradually with proper treatment.
Key Differences Between Melasma and PIH
| Feature | Melasma | Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) |
| Trigger | Hormonal changes, sun exposure, genetics | Skin trauma, acne, inflammation |
| Appearance | Symmetrical patches on face | Irregular dark spots on affected area |
| Chronicity | Often chronic, may recur | Usually fades over time |
| Treatment Response | Slower, needs consistent management | Faster improvement with targeted therapy |
Diagnosis: Why Professional Help Matters
Since both conditions appear as dark patches, self-diagnosis is difficult and often inaccurate. A Dermatologist in Roorkee uses advanced diagnostic tools like Wood’s lamp examination and detailed medical history analysis to differentiate between melasma and PIH.
This step is crucial because treatments that work for PIH, such as aggressive peels, may worsen melasma if not monitored properly.
Treatment Options
For Melasma:
Sun Protection – Broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+), wide-brim hats, and avoiding peak sun hours.
Topical Treatments – Hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, and retinoids prescribed by a Skin Specialist in Roorkee.
Oral Medications – Tranexamic acid in select cases.
Procedures – Chemical peels, laser treatments, and microneedling (only under expert guidance to avoid worsening).
For PIH:
Topical Lightening Agents – Vitamin C, niacinamide, azelaic acid, and hydroquinone.
Acne Management – Preventing new breakouts with dermatologist-prescribed skincare.
Chemical Exfoliation – Mild peels to accelerate cell turnover.
Laser Therapy – Fractional or Q-switched lasers for stubborn PIH patches.
Personalized Treatment Plan
Since no two skin types are the same, treatment should be tailored to individual needs. For instance:
- A young patient with acne-induced PIH may respond quickly to topical retinoids and chemical peels.
- A woman with hormonal melasma may require long-term sun protection and prescription medications.
Only a qualified Dermatologist in Roorkee can evaluate your skin’s sensitivity, medical history, and lifestyle factors to create a safe and effective treatment plan.
Long-Term Management and Prevention
- Sun Protection: The most critical step for both melasma and PIH.
- Consistent Skincare: Gentle cleansers, non-comedogenic moisturizers, and antioxidant serums.
- Avoid Picking or Scratching: Prevents further skin trauma that can trigger PIH.
- Regular Dermatologist Visits: Periodic check-ups with a Skin Specialist in Roorkee ensure your treatment stays effective and safe.
Final Thoughts
Melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation may look similar, but their causes, patterns, and treatment approaches differ significantly. Self-treatment often delays improvement and may worsen pigmentation.
Seeking guidance from a qualified Dermatologist in Roorkee ensures accurate diagnosis, safe treatment, and long-lasting results. With the right care, these stubborn pigmentation issues can be managed effectively, helping you achieve even-toned, healthier skin.